Deadly Revolotionist - 1361 Words

Lowering taxes, setting land aside for the poor, and trying to help his people are all what Fidel Castro did. He was good to his people, but had ties with the Soviet Union. The CIA wanted to kill him because of his ties with the Soviet Union, and the United States wanted ties with Cuba. Fidel Castro was the Cuban prime minister, led a revolution, became a Cuban leader, and he escaped death (Fidel Castro, Famous People J1). Fidel Castro Ruz was born August 13, 1926. He was born near Biran, Oriente Province, Cuba, on his family’s sugar plantation. Fidel Castro was illegitimate and his parents were not going to send him to school, but he wanted to go so much that he begged his parents until they let him go to school when he was six or†¦show more content†¦U.S. economic dominance ended when the pro-peasant and pro-worker changes were made. In 1960 pacts were signed between Cuba and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev so that Cuba was allowed to get military and economic he lp from the USSR (Fidel Castro, Famous People J1). In March 1960, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower approved a CIA plan to conquer Castro. The plan was to train a paramilitary force outside Cuba so they are able to perform guerrilla action, and needed 13 million dollars. Richard Bissel and Richard Helms organized the operation. Operation Mongoose had approximately 400 CIA officers who were employed full-time to carry out the mission. The project leader was Edward Lansdale and Task Force W was led by William Harvey. The Operation Mongoose headquarters was to the JM WAVE station. Castro once said, â€Å"If surviving assassination attempts were an olympic event, I would win the gold medal.† Castro’s body guards said that they counted that there was a total of 638 assassination attempts by CIA to kill Castro. In a survey they found that 90 percent of the Cuban population supported Castro and his policies. Castro started to tighten his grip over Cuba and enjoy all the po wers that he had in the government. Then Castro put a ban on existing political parties, ruled all of Cuba, and said he would ruin the national unity and integrity. Castro wasn’t a really malicious person, but he was

My Sister Is A Two Time Breast Cancer Survivor Essay

My sister Kate was laying on a stretcher in the hallway of her local hospital with a badly broken ankle. Her ankle was shattered, splintered, destroyed. And this was good news! Kate’s ankle was broken because she had slipped on snow-covered ice during a blinding New England snow storm, referred to by New Englanders as a Nor’easter, while walking from her office to her car. She was laying on a stretcher in the hospital hallway because many others in her town had met with misfortune during this storm and were also in the hospital awaiting care and there was no room for Kate except for where she lay. This was good news because Kate was in the hospital for something other than the breast cancer she had been battling over the past several years. Good things can come in odd packages sometimes. My sister is a two-time breast cancer survivor. The first time was an early diagnosis and routine treatment that was successful. The second time was an aggressive, dark, menacing monster that was dangerous and spreading. After chemotherapy, radiation and a complete mastectomy she had a long road back to her normal self; or what would become her new normal. Kate is now healthy, active and thriving but she has to keep an eye out for any sign that the monster is returning. Kate’s cancer journey was terrifying enough on its own but it lead me to my own terrifying journey. Kate’s breast cancer was not the only occurrence in my family. My maternal grandmother had succumbed to breastShow MoreRelatedCommemorative Speech Susan G Komen1112 Words   |  5 PagesIt is estimated that 39,511 women and 410 men will die of breast cancer this year alone. There will be 229,160 new cases of breast cancer in men and women this year. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women. My great grandmother who I look up to and is the strongest person I know, is a two time Breast cancer survivor and she believes that the organization Susan G Komen has made a huge impact on breast cancer in women. In this speech I want to pay tribute to and recognize all theRead MoreThe Treatment Of Breast Cancer Essay2235 Words   |  9 Pagessymptoms not associated with her age group. †¢ Role Having breast cancer affected women in carrying out their roles as mother, wife, sister and employee. Azizah and Sahrah explained how their roles shifted from being caregiver for their family to care receiver. My sister had breast cancer, she was on the second cycle of chemotherapy when I had started the chemo. I couldn’t tell her that I had it too. She is my younger sister and I was supporting her while the reality was that I need someoneRead MoreD773 Words   |  4 Pagesis where morphology of chromosomes is most easily studied. At this stage, metaphase chromosome is made up of two sister chromatids, which are held together by the centromere. Small disc-shaped structures at the surface of the centromeres are called kinetochores. Although the dependencies among cell cycle events and the coordination of growth and division have been recognized for a long time, it was not until Hartwell and Weinert in 1989 introduced the concept of ‘checkpoints’ that the underlying regulatoryRead MoreEssay Breast Cancer1675 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer is a disease that is becoming more and more popular in this day of age. One in every eight women is diagnosed with breast cancer (Breast Cancer, 2010). Women and men who suffer from breast cancer not only are fighting cancer but are also fighting the psychological aspects of the disease. Breast Cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer among women in the United States right behind skin cancer. 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Time guiding the conversation to aid Angela in understanding that the grief process is also a healing process. Guiding also â€Å"include instruction and information, but it is aimed much less at acquiring than restoring – restoring the parishioner’s soul, thus becoming more of her true self again.† One of the other issue Pastor BobRead MoreBreast Cancer Is Not Just A Disease That Strikes At Women2324 Words   |  10 Pagesstated that, â€Å"Breast cancer is not just a disease that strikes at women. It strikes at the very heart of who we are as women: how others perceive us, how we perceive ourselves, how we live, work and raise our families-or whether we do these things at all.† 1.3 million women will be diagnosed every year over the next 20 years, and the culprit, breast cancer, will kill 11 million of those women. Breast cancer can be a very deadly disease, but it can also be one of the easiest cancers to get rid ofRead MoreCancer Is A Deadly Disease2303 Words   |  10 Pages Cancer is a deadly disease. Not only can it take the life of the person that get this disease. It can take the lives of family and friends who try to be caregivers for their love, ones. Even though family and friends can be good caregivers for love, ones with cancer if they receive the proper educational training. Some people are unable to be caregivers for cancer patients, because being caregivers for patients with cancer are too emotionally, financially, and physically demanding for familyRead MorePreventing Cervical Cancer ( Hpv )3016 Words   |  13 PagesCan we do anything to prevent cervical cancer? The answer is an unequivocal, yes. We can immunize our children against the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). If it were mandated for the HPV vaccine to be given to girls, it would be the first vaccine given to prevent cervical cancer. This would also be the first time that a person could be immunized against a sexually transmitted disease, which is how the Human Papillomavirus is tr ansmitted. The HPV vaccine has been recommended by the American Academy ofRead MoreWomen, Hair, And Cancer10628 Words   |  43 PagesChapter Three Women, Hair, and Cancer in the Media 3.1. Introducing television into the home / The Rise of the (social) Media [†¦]After going downstairs, for breakfast, Leonda picks up the remote and clicks on the TV. She â€Å"channels surfs† until she comes across a network morning show that has the stat of a big new Hollywood movie as a guest. [†¦] Later [†¦], [s]he spends the rest of the period flipping through a â€Å"women’s† magazine featuring articles- and many advertisements- on fashion, makeup, health

Reflection Paper on Gulf Oil Spill Free Essays

Reflection Paper on Gulf Oil Spill This presentation had a deep impact on me because I had been living in Gulf Breeze, Florida at the time of the spill. Gulf Breeze is located 15 miles West of Pensacola and the reefs and beaches were severely impacted by it. Not only did the spill impact the environment but also the tourism which that city needed to thrive; in turn businesses closed and restaurants plundered. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Paper on Gulf Oil Spill or any similar topic only for you Order Now When I looked outside my bedroom window at the ocean, instead of seeing the bright blue colored ocean waves, I instead looked out at green murky foam covered waves and algae blooms. The sand got covered in black oil and impacted the sea birds that used the splashing waves to gather small fish and organisms. So, when I listened to this presentation, I could relate to what the presenter was saying because I had witnessed firsthand how badly this affected the environment, but at the time I did not realize how it affected the reefs. What I found interesting about the presentation was the before and after pictures. He had mentioned that the scientists used autonomous underwater vehicles that took high resolution map images of reefs that were 400-500 meters underwater (beforehand didn’t even realize some reefs were there). These images were used to help scientists take data on finding new coral sites and witness the affects the oil spill had on them. He mentioned at first they didn’t think the corals were being affected because pictures showed that the corals looked the same as they did last year. At this time scientists were more concerned with marine animals and shorelines than the reefs. At second look even the corals looked fine, and scientists took lots of samples to see if the oil had reached the sites. A sediment trap was used to research the corals and the research showed that plankton filled the cups and that oil had made its way to the coral sites but that it had not affected them. What I learned was that, oil coming out of a well was 100*C, this was entering water that was 4*C at high pressure. This oil formed a fine deep water plume of mist and most of this mist settled at 12 meter depths. When scientists took a third look at the coral reefs they realized that this black mist had affected them. When corals are stressed, they realize mucus, and this proved they were dying. Progression of damage was watched by the scientists by taking photos and videos over time. Months showed how parts of some of the corals got better while others lost tissue, had damage to their polyps, some fell off when touched and others were full of oil. The presenter also mentioned that in order to see how much damage they went to many different coral sites to witness the damage. In conclusion, they found that the farther away from the oil spill they got the better the coral reefs were. He also concluded that hydroids were forming on the corals which will sting and kill the coral by pollination, and also that the brittle star that was shown in a picture had moved overtime, when they never move at all. I really liked this presentation because it influenced me to want to help in whatever way I can to restore and help these important marine environments. Corals are 400+ years old, the damage to them is irreversible, and there is no way that we can replace them. People have to realize that this is a major problem and the protection of these precious sites needs to be enacted. I am not sure just how to do this, but just by making suggestions and learning as much as we can is a stepping stone to a bigger impact. How to cite Reflection Paper on Gulf Oil Spill, Essay examples

US-Taiwan-Sino Relations-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Taiwan is more Important to the USA's National Interest than China." Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Provide three well-discussed reasons for your response. Answer: Introduction It is true to determine that right now Taiwan has become more important to USA than China in the context of national interest. Against this background, it would be important to argue whether United States is actually having self- interest in terms of Taiwan against China. In this regard, Chinas foreign policy would be taken into consideration, US has decided to go in lengths to contain China with the help of Taiwan, so in this regard, Taiwan would fulfill the self interest of the United States of America (Kan Morrison, 2013). The policy makers of USA are expected this policy through the formulation of Pivot to Asia in order to stop the rising power of China. China looks forward to dominate Asia the way United States dominate the Western countries. However, the neighbors of China along with United States want a solution as they are afraid of its growing power. Therefore, in this matter, the reasons would be given to support the thesis statement properly and to make it more reliable t o believe that US is depending on Taiwan than China for National Interest (Kan Morrison, 2013). Thesis statement The thesis statement of the topic is that Taiwan is more important to the national interest of USA than China. However, it can be stated that the interest can be partly national and partly international. This is being justified by the reasons which are being stated here. Firstly, Taiwan has an important source of resources of economy and military and the country is also having a giant career of aircraft which can be utilized to control the waters which was close to all important eastern coasts of China. Secondly, the commitment of America to Taiwan is bounded up with the credibility of United States in the region. Thirdly, if USA breaks its military ties with Taiwan or fail to contain crisis with China, then it would send a wrong signal to the other allies of America and which would lead to the fact that the other allies would not rely upon America. Other than the national interest as mentioned, another important aspect to support Taiwan is that maintaining the peace in Asia (Bush, 2 015). If Taiwan is abandoned which as a result would enhance Chinas geostrategic and military position in Asia and breaking down the bond between the United States and its allies. Accepting Taiwan would improve the credibility of America in the region of Indo pacific and this in turn would add not fuel to the continuing regional race of arms. Hence, it could be state that if America abandon Taiwan then although it would definitely improve the China US relations, however, the growing power of China as mentioned before would likely to affect badly the allies of United States and in further could boost the nuclear proliferation. Therefore, by keeping these important minds in point, it is important to illustrate further these reasons in order to reach a proper justification by keeping in trends the issues and the global problems. John Mearsheimer and other realists have come up with the some valuable points in terms of Americas foreign policy in Asia Pacific and also expressed what are the needs that are needed to be taken care of in order to give protection to the national interests of the country. Finally, for the sake of both national and international interests, America looks forward to give importance to Taiwan because due to its form of Government and promoting its values of democracy to the world (Bush, 2015). Development of the reasons: Further illustrations The United States would have strong incentives to make Taiwan a stronger player in its coalition against China. Firstly, it has been noted that having the economic and military resources of Taiwan, United States would definitely in demand for the countrys assets on its side to maintain its strategic balance (Chow, 2014). China is growing powerful, USA for its own interest, would not let China to become powerful, and in this context, there are other reasons, which have been put forwarded to state that Taiwan who is also against China needs help. Then America is being committed to Taiwan is disentangled with the credibility of United States in the region, which carries importance to the Washingtons policy makers, it is because the location of United States is roughly more than six thousand miles from the region of East Asia (Chow, 2014). The country for this has to work harder to convince its allies of Asia especially South Korea and Japan that USA would give them support in the event once they are being threatened by either North Korea or China. America is having powerful incentives to give a framework of a balancing coalition, which is aimed to contain China (Lawrence, 2012). There are certain important issues which are happening to be troublesome in the relationship between China and United States, that is extended much far beyond the Strait of Taiwan. Whether it is the assertiveness of Beijing towards its near neighbors, some of whom like Philippines or Japan are the important allies of USA, or the issues, which are related to the cyber espionages and the human rights which is examining the bilateral relationship. China being the revisionist power and its claims in the international system does not end with Taiwan (Bush, 2013). However, a growing body suggested that tensions of China US are more of conjectural and it is being a natural result, which occurs initially between the established and rising powers. Furthermore, it can be stated that the abandonment of Taiwan can only happen in strengthening and emboldening the elements of hardline in the arena of the leadership of China, by providing a confirmation that they wish to see that America is retreat ing from the theatre of Indo- Pacific. This gives a serious blow to the national interest of America of containing China. In the word of John Mearsheimer, A decision to jettison Taiwan, or even cut back significantly on U.S. support, would prove to an increasingly confident China that Washington has become weak, vacillating and unreliableAccordingly, a U.S. sacrifice of Taiwan, while gratifying, could not thoroughly slake a continuing need for Beijing to demonstrate its power. Indeed, the sacrifice might promote new appetites and necessitate fresh efforts to satisfy that need(Christensen, 2015). The main strategic interest that United States is that it is maintaining close ties to Taiwan. According to Randal Schriver, who is the former deputy and the assistant secretary of state for East Asian and Pacific affairs the ambitions of Beijing goes beyond Taiwan. However right now, it is the issue of Taiwan that encourages the modernization in military affairs and that is why from the point of view of national interest, Taiwan is important to United States of America. Taiwan can be described as a prism, which can gain the method of understanding the evolution of China and earning insights into it (Saunders, 2013). By keeping in mind, the extension of Chinese power, the United States and its allies treats Taiwan as an important indicator about what the other countries in the region can expect from the PRC and Washingtons expand. According to the observations made by Mcvadon, Americans are always feel close to Taiwan and each countrys people carry affection for each other and that i s why America cannot think of ending relations with Taiwan. Taiwan is more like a brother of same blood, however on the other hand, peoples republic to China is a stranger to USA, the qualities of the country runs cold and hot. The upbringing of China has created many uncertainties (Saunders, 2013; Steinberg OHanlon, 2015). The fidelity to the values of America matters to the policy of Taiwan as because the treatment of United States stands as a critical test of the commitment of America to its important values of foreign policy, freedom, democracy and the market economies. The democratic transition of Taiwan has signaled success for the efforts to America in order to enhance the democratization all around the world without any external interferences or bloodshed. According to an American diplomat, Taiwan has evolved into a society that represents important values that the Americans are trying to promote themselves elsewhere in the world. This is mainly based on the national interest of the country of USA and in this respect, Taiwan has received more importance than China. However, from the international interests point of view, Taiwan can generate hope to the countries like Middle Eastern countries about the values that the country has promoted by USA (Le, 2014). From the point of values, as well Ameri ca needs Taiwan than China. According to other authors, It can be stated that Taiwan has the potential to consolidate the political systems and this should be taken as an inspiration by the other societies of the world. In the words of Nancy Bernkopf Tucker, who is the leading historian of the relations between US and Taiwan, stated that United States bear responsibilities to the democracy of Taiwan because the latter made those changes after taking some inspiration from the former. That is why from this point of view, if USA starts reducing their commitment to Taiwan, then it would in long run would affect the position of the country around the world. This would reflect on the fact that the America do not believe in their own values and that is why they would not promote those values to the other countries (Le, 2014; Wu, 2014). The above illustration further depicts why America wants Taiwan than China because the norms of democratization is more important for the country to sustain than the communism in order in terms of the values of government and this would further help America to build their national interest (Feaver, 2014; Maass, 2014). Although, America focuses on the national security interests and on the other hand, it is also true that USA is also carrying important interests all around the world including the country Taiwan. From the national interest point of view, this would further the greatest as well as strongest argument for Washington to maintain its commitment currently to Taipei. Conclusion Therefore, to conclude it could be stated that Taiwan is important to America both from the national and international point of view than China. For the purpose of its foreign policy the pivot to Asia is a major reason for America to contain China and for this context, Taiwans help is important. Accordingly in the topic the reasons have been stated. Other than containing China as a major rising power, it can be stated that the values of Taiwan and a long term relationship between USA and Taiwan must not be abandoned for the sake of security and promoting values to the world. References Bush, R. C. (2013).Uncharted Strait: The Future of China-Taiwan Relations. Brookings Institution Press. Bush, R. C. (2015).At cross purposes: US-Taiwan relations since 1942. Routledge. Chow, P. C. (2014). Introduction. InThe US Strategic Pivot to Asia and Cross-Strait Relations(pp. 3-13). Palgrave Macmillan US. Christensen, T. J. (2015).The China challenge: Shaping the choices of a rising power. WW Norton Company. Feaver, P. (2014).Strategic Retrenchment and Renewal in the American Experience. ARMY WAR COLLEGE CARLISLE BARRACKS PA STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE. Kan, S. A., Morrison, W. M. (2013). US-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues.Current Politics and Economics of Northern and Western Asia,22(1), 1. Lawrence, S. V. (2012).US China Relations: Policy Issues. DIANE Publishing. Le, T. T. (2014).State-Defense Cooperation and the Making of US Foreign Policy in East Asia in the First Clinton and Obama Administrations(Doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University). Maass, M. (Ed.). (2014).Foreign policies and diplomacies in Asia: changes in practice, concepts, and thinking in a rising region. Amsterdam University Press. Saunders, P. C. (2013, August). The Rebalance to Asia: US-China Relations and Regional Security. InStrategic Forum(No. 281, p. 1). National Defense University Press. Steinberg, J., OHanlon, M. E. (2015).Strategic reassurance and resolve: US-China relations in the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press. Wu, J. J. (2014). The Future of US-Taiwan Relations.The Diplomat

ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV REVIEW QUIZ 1 Flashcard

ABEKA VOCABULARY, SPELLING, POETRY IV REVIEW QUIZ 1

Get the Facts About the Element Antimony

Get the Facts About the Element Antimony Antimony (atomic number 51)Â  compounds have been known since ancient time. The metal has been known since at least the 17th century. Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p3 Word Origin Greek anti- plus monos, meaning a metal not found alone. The symbol comes from the mineral stibnite. Properties The melting point of antimony is 630.74Â °C, the boiling point is 1950Â °C, specific gravity is 6.691 (at 20Â °C), with a valence of 0, -3, 3, or 5. Two allotropic forms of antimony exist; the usual stable metallic form and the amorphous gray form. Metallic antimony is extremely brittle. It is a bluish-white metal with a flaky crystalline texture and metallic luster. It is not oxidized by air at room temperature. However, it will burn brilliantly when heated, and release white Sb2O3 fumes. It is a poor heat or electrical conductor. Antimony metal has a hardness of 3 to 3.5. Uses Antimony is widely used in alloying to increase hardness and mechanical strength. Antimony is used in the semiconductor industry for infrared detectors, Hall-effect devices, and diodes. The metal and its compounds also used in batteries, bullets, cable sheathing, flame-proofing compounds, glass, ceramics, paints, and pottery. Tartar emetic has been used in medicine. Antimony and many of its compounds are toxic. Sources Antimony is found in over 100 minerals. Sometimes it occurs in native form, but it is more common as the sulfide stibnite (Sb2S3) and as the antimonides of heavy metals and as oxides. Element Classification and Properties SemimetallicDensity (g/cc): 6.691Melting Point (K): 903.9Boiling Point (K): 1908Appearance: hard, silvery-white, brittle semi-metalAtomic Radius (pm): 159Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.4Covalent Radius (pm): 140Ionic Radius: 62 (6e) 245 (-3)Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.205Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 20.08Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 195.2Debye Temperature (K): 200.00Pauling Negativity Number: 2.05First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 833.3Oxidation States: 5, 3, -2Lattice Structure: RhombohedralLattice Constant (Ã…): 4.510 Symbol Sb Atomic Weight 121.760 References Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001)Crescent Chemical Company (2001)Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952)CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Economics of Volatile Corn Prices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Economics of Volatile Corn Prices - Essay Example The primary reason behind rise in the prices of corn was due to its global demand against its restricted supply. The excess demand could not be met with the restricted supply, which resulted in the rise in prices of corn all over the world. Mexico is the second largest importer of corn in the world. The rise in the corn prices all over the world has affected Mexico to a great extent. Decline in demand of corn due to rise in its price can be depicted by using the following graph:- (Source: Fep, 2004) In this graph it is shown that when the price of corn in Mexico was $3 per bushel, its demand was 2 billion bushels per year and the supply was 1.1 billion bushels per year. Thus there was an excess in demand which could not be met by the supply. As a result of the price rise to $5 per bushel, the demand decreased to 1.1 billion bushels per year and consequently excess supply is generated. The market should move towards equilibrium at a price of $4 per bushel where the demand equalises th e supply. Another reason for the rise in corn prices in Mexico was the production of corn based ethanol in the United States and the European Union. The producers of corn had to suffer due to this price rise. Another reason for the high corn prices was the draught in the United States. ... Thus the country has to find ways to deal with the uncertainties of the volatile markets. The country needs to focus on the market conditions properly. The main problem that the consumers in Mexico will face is when they will visit the grocery stores. Corn and food ingredients made from corn are used in ? of the total grocery products. Thus higher prices will be found throughout the grocery stores. The livestock feed rations contain a considerable amount of corns, a extended impact would be observed on poultry and meat prices due to higher feed costs than in any other food products. Volatility in corn prices brings in unpredictability in the market and may create risk of fundamental food security for consumers as well as governments. Financial risk generated due to the volatility of corn prices dampens investment in agricultural sector which in turn creates uncertainty among traders and producers. Thus the Mexican government must take steps to bring an alternate solution to the exist ing problem. There are several programs involving the cash transfer conducted by the Mexican Government in order to help the poor people there. The procedure of agriculture by means of contracts was another procedure advised by the Mexican Government (The World Bank Group, 2013). When there is an agreement made to buy a particular quantity of corn within a fixed period of time, neither the buyer nor the seller is sure that who is going to be benefitted by the agreement. This procedure supports the producers when there is a fall in the price. The price difference is subsidized between the time of signing the contract and the time of its fulfilment. However, corn prices have plunged from their previous position in June 2011. Ethanol is considered to be a viable source of

Poverty in Sierra Leo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty in Sierra Leo - Essay Example The destruction of the infrastructure and the decline of the economy led to impoverishing of various communities. Such poverty was evidenced by poor health and nutrition indicators. The economy of Sierra Leone has for a considerably long time been distinguished by high unemployment and inflation rates (Christiaensen et al, 2002). Majority of the unemployed youths are former combatants that have no stable source of income. Such unemployed youthful population remains a principal threat to national security and economic stability. In simpler terms; unemployed youths enhance insecurity and other social evils such as prostitution. This paper seeks to explain poverty in the context of Sierra Leone, a country that has been defined as the poorest country in the world for a considerably long time. Sierra Leone is a third world nation or banana republic in West Africa. It has a total population of just about six million people from different communities and a diversity of cultures. Considered one of the most financially weakest countries in the entire world, Sierra Leone is not expected to be self-sufficient anytime soon, thanks to the ten-year-old internal armed conflict (Fosu, 2009). The civil war that lasted from late nineteen ninety to mid two thousand and two was brought to a standstill by the joint effort of such African countries as Kenya and Nigeria. The African Union made a unanimous decision to intervene after the war proved to be endless and detrimental to the interests of the economy as a whole. Today, Sierra Leone is one of the countries gaining economic stability having indicated a 7% per annum growth rate. Sierra Leone has placed reliance on international donors and well-wishers for the reconstruction of the entire economy. Democratization and stabilization of the political climate are among the major concerns of the civilized members of the society. According to UN agencies, Sierra Leone is fast moving towards macroeconomic stability. This is to say that the third world country has invested a lot of time and resources in dealing with such macroeconomic variables such as unemployment, inflation, and population growth rate (Manson & Knight, 2009). Among the poorest people in Sierra Leone are the people rendered landless by the internal armed conflicts. Small-scale farmers and single mothers heading families constitute a great percentage of the poor rural population. People that were internally displaced by the civil war are destitute and own or access no resources. As such, they resort to such desperate measures as begging or working for little pay so as to support their survival. It is estimated that 75% of the people of Sierra Leone live below the poverty line, with 27% living in extreme abject poverty. This was according to a 2005 research, which established that fifty percent of the entire populace lives on slightly less than one US dollar per day. According to the records of the year 2005, 80% of the people living in the rural ar eas lived in extreme poverty. Similarly, the people of the eastern districts were hard hit by the civil strife and lived in extreme poverty (Manson & Knight, 2009). Internal displacement was a common phenomenon that was brought about by fear and lack of foresight.

Globalization and Global Strategic Planning SLP 1 (401) Essay - 1

Globalization and Global Strategic Planning SLP 1 (401) - Essay Example The company’s retail division (called Primark in UK and Penney’s in Ireland) has a global presence with over 215 stores covering a total area of 6.9 million square feet (ABF, 2010). The retail division’s outlets are located in Belgium, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the UK (ABF, 2010). In 1963, the company acquired the British supermarket giant, Fine Fare which it sold later in 1986 in order to acquire British sugar (ABF, 2010). As of 2009, British Sugar fulfills the sugar (ABF, 2010). The company provides employment to more than 97,000 people and operates in more than 44 countries (ABF, 2010)The Company’s profits by geographic region are such that the company derives 53% of its profits from U.K and rest from international sales. Amongst the international regions it targets are Europe , Africa, America and Asia Pacific with Europe and Africa contributing the most and Asia Pacific contributing the least (ABF, 2010). The mode of market entry employed by ABF has been diversification of both products and markets (Whittington & Mayer, 2002). It has been observed at times, that diversification into new markets has been the result of product diversification; that is, the company has entered into new markets simply because those markets had demand for the product that the company had newly introduced. This was the case with sugar. ABF diversified into the food business because of its intention to provide one-stop convenience shopping to customers; the company had realized that customer buying habits and trends were changing (Whittington & Mayer, 2002). One of the most important reasons however was the instability of earnings from sugar sector due to its seasonal nature, coupled with the anticipated EU reform (Bertin, 2002). By the early 1900’s, ABF diversified into the tea and coffee segment (through acquisition of Twinings and Jackson), the biscuits and chips bread business (through acquisition of Burtons

Stakeholders Involved And Related Ethical Issues Information Technology Essay

Stakeholders Involved And Related Ethical Issues Information Technology Essay We also had on a local well known blog attacks and insults of a ferocity which would never have been gratuitously made in a face to face situation. We tend to feel more unconstrained on the net and often seem to revel in the support which fellow bloggers of the same thoughts tend to give us in an immediate thread response. Examine this situation in the context of the assignment specification especially from the defamation and virtual privacy invasion point of view. Introduction Unethical behavior over the internet is becoming more common. Ranging from private discrete stalking termed cyber-stalking to public defamation, it is becoming increasingly imperative to analyze the ethical issues at stake in these situations. For a personal gain, the stalker makes use of the internet to harass and defame his victim by publicly posting private sensitive information about his victim or spreading false rumors. Facts about Online Stalking Due to the spreading of the Internet across all institutions worldwide, it has become much easier for stalking to take place. Every person probably has personal data available on the Internet, either being on a personal web page or profile; or else being available to search for in government, institutes and organizations databases. Online stalking is much easier than traditional physical stalking due to various reasons: The person being stalked would probably not be aware of such a fact until the stalker initiates contact with the victim Cyber stalking can be done from the comfort of the stalkers home, or from anonymous locations such as a public internet cafà © or an office environment (1). The most crucial fact is that it is done remotely and not by confronting the actual victim. The ferocity and malicious intent would probably be greater as the aggressor feels more unconstrained on the net than in a face to face confrontation. Several online technologies can be used to stalk online (cyber-stalking). For a stalker to research about the victim, traditional search engine as well as profiles on social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace can be used. To make direct contact with the victim, the stalker may make use of Instant Messaging (IM) services, online forums, and chat rooms. Alternatively the stalker may try to elicit a response from the victim by using techniques such as publishing defamatory statements about the victim in public places such as a web site, message boards, or a fake blog run in the victims name (2). Cyber-stalking and cyber-bullying is much more aggressive than if done face to face. The term cyber-bullying is more commonly associated when teenagers are involved in stalking and bullying online, while cyber-stalking is used for stalking involving adults. Dr. Bamford in (3) explains that the anonymity of the stalker greatly reduces traditional social and contextual attitudes such as tone of voice used and relevant body language. Anonymity can be achieved either by submitting comments in public places such as forums without an ID to trace back to the poster, or else using an alias with the aim of masking the aggressors identity. Without these attitudes, social norms and constraints are neglected, and further like-minded people might participate with the stalker in harassing the victim. Anonymity can also be easily achieved by using an anonymous remailer service (4). This would be specialized software aiming to achieve anonymity in the sending of emails. It strips the originating address from an email message and forwards it to its intended destination. All header information that might be used to track the sender is removed. According to U.S. statistics in 2007 (5), the majority of stalking victims are female at 78%. On the other hand, the majority of stalkers are male at 87%. Victims of stalking can range from a single person to whole organizations. A previous failed relationship can be a motivator for harassing a single person for emotional gain, while possible financial gain is a motivator for harassing groups or an organization. It is to the stalkers advantage however if the victim is singled out, making stalking on a single person more common than harassing a group of people. The main motives of stalking, as identified in (1), are: Stalking an ex-partner of a sexual relationship even after the relationship comes to an end. This can be due to a certain party not willing to accept that the relationship is over. Stalking however also takes place during a relationship. In a research by Tjaden and Thoennes in (6), it was concluded that nearly 60% of females are stalked by their male partner, while 30% of males are stalked by their female partner. Stalking with the aim of vengeance on the victim. This type is the most dangerous as the stalker is probably premeditating a violent attack on the victim due to a previous grudge. It is to be noted that the majority of this type of stalker are male. Stalking due to mental illnesses, ranging from delusional stalkers suffering from depressions to harasser stalkers suffering from a certain attention-seeking personality disorder. After obtaining the necessary vital information, in most cases the stalker exposes it publicly to defame his victim. Such public places include chat rooms and more commonly community areas such as online profiles and forums. The stalker may assume the identity of the victim by posting inflammatory and probably fictitious information in the name of the victim to elicit a response from the community (5). This type of action, termed Masquerading, is discussed later on. There are several defamatory actions that are viewed as illegal and prosecuted, some of which, as mentioned in (4), include the sending of malicious and threatening private messages over the Internet to the intended victim, libel at the intended victim, as well as the publication of messages in public places such as on a web site that show malicious intent to commit acts of hate-motivated violence. Cyber bullying is common in adolescent teens. In a survey carried out in (7), it was reported that 43% of U.S. teens have experienced some form of cyber-bullying in the previous year. This may be due to a lack of knowledge about the reason and the ways to protect private information. The internet and virtual communication environments in general, provide a perfect medium for a cyber bully to defame the victim constantly, even after school hours. In June 2003, a twelve-year old Japanese girl ended up killing her classmate after the latter defamed her on the Internet by the posting of certain messages (3). An example of group bullying is what happened to Canadian boy David Knight (3), who was a victim of a hate campaign when school mates built an online web site entitled Hate David Knight. The website contained defamatory pictures and abuse towards the victim. The group also encouraged the global online community to join their hate campaign. Another form of cyber attacks that is common amongst teens is Masquerading (3). This term refers to either when the stalker/attacker poses as somebody else who is close to the victim, or as the victim itself. In the first case, one can make use of the victims closest friend mobile phone to send harassing messages in the name of the friend, for example. In this way, the harasser remains anonymous while at the same time confusing the victim. In the second form of Masquerading, the stalker may obtain the victims login details for personal places such as personal blog, webpage or Facebook profile. This exchange of passwords amongst teens is very common, as it is considered a sign of true friendship and trust (3). The stalker would then proceed to defame the victim by posing as the victim himself/herself, producing a creditable and real scenario for fellow online friends to witness. Suicides due to Cyber-Stalking and Cyber-Bullying The effects of cyber-stalking on the victim can be quite damaging. We analyze two such cases where victims ended up committing suicide after being stalked or harassed over the Internet. The first case is the suicide of Megan Meier, a thirteen-year-old teenager that committed suicide on 17th October 2006 after being cyber-bullied on MySpace, a popular social networking website (8). A fake profile was set up on MySpace in the name of a 16-year-old boy named Josh Evans who wanted to befriend Megan. On the day of the suicide, Megan and Josh had an argument online. Some other participants also joined in and in no time, there were messages and bulletins being sent to friends and schoolmates containing false accusations about Megan about her physique and sexual tendencies. This led to Megans suicide. From this case we can see how dangerous such a situation can be over the Internet, where like-minded people join with the stalker and behave unethically and inappropriately to the detriment of the victim. The second suicide case took place in Abu Dhabi when Emma Jones, a British teacher killed herself (9) after being defamed on the social networking site Facebook. The responsible harasser was her ex-boyfriend, who posted naked photos of Emma on Facebook. Allegedly he had obtained the photos illegally from Emmas computer. This public defamation coupled with the fact that she was working in an Islamic country that is very restrictive on such issues contributed to Emmas suicide. Stakeholders Involved and Related Ethical Issues At first glance, the stakeholders in cyber-stalking are mainly the stalker and the victim. However, it may not always be that clear to identify all stakeholders. The victims near family can become a stakeholder due to the victims possible actions, such as suicide, after being the victim of a privacy invasion or of public defamation. The controlling authorities of mediums that aided the stalker in retrieving sensitive information about the victim are also stakeholders. This however cannot be stated conclusively as legislations vary across various jurisdictions. In a certain jurisdiction, an action may be considered legal while in others it may not. In a case study of internet stalking (10), a twenty-year old girl named Amy Boyer from New Hampshire was murdered in October 1999. The murderer, Liam Youens, used to stalk her on the internet by searching for her personal information. Using search engine tools that are readily available to everyone, he was able to go through online databases and learn where his victim lived, worked and other personal details. He then set up two web sites, one of which publicly exposed all of Amys private details he managed to get hold of. On the other site he explicitly described his plan of murdering Amy. In this case, Amys immediate family members are stakeholders as they have to suffer her loss. The involvement of organizational entities as potential stakeholders is subject to ethical dilemmas. For example, the ISPs hosting the web sites might have a responsibility of monitoring the contents it hosts to avoid such cases. Also, the users reading the web sites might have an ethical obligation of informing the relevant authorities and assist the victims. We can therefore conclude that it is not always a clear-cut answer when identifying the involved stakeholders. They vary according to the case as well as what we judge as ethically right or wrong. In the case where the stalker is still an adolescent, the parents and teachers are also stakeholders as they are responsible for the development and education of the person in question. When they however see the deficiencies of laws and technology to deal with such issues, they realize they are quite powerless to avoid such a situation. As regards laws related to cyber-bullying, they are ambiguous and poorly put into practice (3). One reason for this is the lack of technical expertise and resources on the parts of the authorities such as the police, which would make it difficult to actually enforce the laws. The authorities would not have a clear understanding of a certain situation if necessary education and training has not been provided beforehand to deal with such situations. If we are to ethically analyze the shareholders in various situations concerning the internet, we first have to know who supposedly is in control of a situation and who has to take responsibility (11). Internet infrastructure companies such as Cisco and Oracle are considered as shareholders by some as they provide the internet network. However although these companies may provide the backbone structure, they would have limited interest in the content on their infrastructure. One can direct the blame on the ISPs, however these host limited content. Most newsgroups and chat rooms are nowadays hosted independently not by ISPs, and are not always easy to trace. It can be argued that a paradigm shift of Internet content has occurred from locally to globally (11). Whereas previously we had specialist ISPs hosting and providing all the content, we moved on to an era where the content is provided by the general end users. Examples of this are personal blogs and Twitter feeds. ISPs cannot be relieved of all the blame though. Even though one cannot expect them to pre-check content posted by their users, they should be willingly able to help should they receive a complaint or notification about particular content they are hosting or malicious users making use of their ISP services. Roger Darlington in (11) suggests that we first should understand what the word ethics means and represents in the context of the Internet before we can conclude who is a stakeholder or not. To have a better understanding of who is responsible for what on the Internet, he suggests that: We should accept that the Internet is not a value-free zone. We should act in a civilized manner as in the end it is us (the end users) who shape the Internet when providing content and services. Our actions on the Internet should be consistent with what we do in the real life. We should comply with laws when making use of the Internet in the same way as we do practically. The author suggests that we do not invent a new set of laws and values for the Internet; instead we apply the laws we are used to in the physical world for issues including discrimination, pornography and copyrights to name a few. We should be aware that the Internet is used by people from different cultures, religions and ethnicity. Where possible we should thus try to accommodate as much of the Internet society as possible. We should be responsive and accept feedback from the Internet user community. Ethical Issues One should make a discrepancy between what is legal and what is ethical. An action might be considered legal yet unethical. There is no law stopping a divorced man from setting up an online profile pretending to be a middle-aged woman who wants to befriend his ex-wife. Most people however would consider this behavior unethical. Although ethics are only moral guidelines and are not imposed on us like law is, they are more worldwide in judging if an action is right or wrong. As we already mentioned, various jurisdictions have inconsistent laws about similar issues concerning private information. In some countries, it may be legal to accumulate personal data on its citizens and store them in a public repository, while this practice might be illegal in other countries wishing to protect the citizens privacy. Ethical dilemmas arise in such a case. A stalker citizen living in a country that protects privacy can use a paid service that operates in a country where there is no privacy protection to obtain information about his victim that lives in the stalkers country. The service is not illegal as it operates from a different country, however such action borders on whether it is ethical or not. It is difficult to deal with such ethical issues due to a lack of technological understanding from certain authority parties. Political parties demanding that there should be more control on hosted content such as newsgroups and chat rooms would most of the time have limited knowledge about how these are hosted. Also they ignore the fact that it is a near impossible scenario to monitor and control all the information exchange that takes place. Even when laws are not in place, a responsible party such as a web hosting company should have a moral responsibility to control the content it hosts. For example, if a company hosts a web site about how to make or detonate a bomb, it should not walk away claiming to not be responsible if such information is made use of by members of the public for malicious purposes. Roger Darlington in (11) proposes some useful solutions to prevent ethical problems on the internet such as cyber stalking and cyber bullying. Laws should be modernized to reflect changing times and to make them in context with the use of the Internet. They should take into account new crimes that are not possible in the physical world such as grooming of under-age girls in chat rooms as well as cyber stalking to name a few. Such actions should be punished by crime fighters who are specifically technically trained for such high tech situations. These fighters should possess all necessary resources to tackle such cyber criminals. As already mentioned, most of cyber stalking and bullying takes place in open online communities, where the harasser can defame and expose his victim in front of a large audience. Due to this fact, these spectators witnessing such unethical behavior should be morally obliged to take action and help the victim. In the United Kingdom, the Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) runs a hotline where Internet users can confidentially report such criminal behavior or contents. These foundations would be equipped with knowledge and techniques how to deal with such situations by judging the legality of the cases and identifying the culprits. If the content is deemed illegal and is hosted within the foundations jurisdiction area, they can issue a notice to the relevant ISP hosting the material to take action by removing the content (11). Maltese Law In 2002, the Data Protection Act (12) was amended in Malta to protect private data from getting into the hands of cyber-stalkers, cyber-bullies, harassers, and all those with a malicious intent to defame or invade the privacy of a victim. The document contains a number of clause articles that help protect private data. The seventh Article ensures that when data is processed, it is processed fairly and lawfully. The data collected should be specific and used for explicitly stated legitimate purposes. This clause protects the subject from revealing more data than is necessary or required. Article nine of the document clearly states that the subject must give consent before such data provided can be processed. The subject also has the right to revoke his/her consent to sensitive data processing providing legitimate grounds for the revocation. This is specified in Article 11. Cyber-stalkers wishing to learn personal information about a subject can illegitimately pose as a third-party company that makes use of this sensitive data for marketing purposes. Article 10 of the Data Protection Act specifically protects the subject from such third-parties by having the choice not to disclose his information with such parties. Article twelve focuses specifically on Sensitive Personal Data, and states that the processing of sensitive data can only take place if the subject gives consent or else has made this sensitive data public. This latter case is one which stalkers profit from, as they make use of already publicized data to defame an individual without any needed consent from the subject in question. They would not have obtained the information illegally as it would be publicly available, for example on the victims Facebook profile. One can easily view pictures of the victim and read personal information such as locality and workplace if the victim has not adjusted his/her privacy settings accordingly. Only in extreme cases, such as if a subject is being investigated or is an issue for national security, public security or the defense should secrecy restrictions be temporarily lifted. This is stated in Article 23. The Data Protection Act also prevents third parties with possible malicious intentions from processing and accessing personal data. In fact, Article 25 specifies which persons are authorized to process data. In the previous section, we discussed whether it is ethical if a stalker citizen living in a country that protects privacy can use a paid service that operates in a country where there is no privacy protection to obtain information about his victim that lives in the stalkers country. Article 27 deals specifically with such a case, whereby the transfer of sensitive data to a third country is subject to it having adequate levels of protection for this data. So if this third country does not protect the data as resiliently as the citizens country, then the third country would have no right in requesting for such information. Ethical Analysis: Consequentialist Theory A consequentialist ethical theory is a theory that focuses on the overall general consequences arising from an action. This type of ethical theory judges the rightness or wrongness of an action by analyzing the consequences of such an action. In fact it can be defined as a general normative theory that bases the moral evaluation of acts, rules, institutions, etc. solely on the goodness of their consequences, where the standard of goodness employed is a standard of non-moral goodness. (13) Utilitarianism is an example of a consequentialist ethical theory. In Utilitarianism, an action is considered ethically right if it results in the best consequences. Jeremy Bentham, an ancient philosopher and advocate of utilitarianism, defines a right action as that action is best that produces the greatest good for the greatest number (14).   However it is not always clear how a quantitative measurement of right or wrong due to an action can be defined. Also it is difficult to compare utilities as they are subject to individual interpretations. One can argue that harm done to a man and a tree should be treated equally as bad, while others argue that harm done to a human is more wrong than harming a tree. The utilitarian theory does not state that no wrong consequences can result from an action. It is only concerned with the greater good, so if a small minority of people suffers great harm while the vast majority enjoys a small benefit, the overall action is considered as ethically right. Apart from being concerned with the consequences from an action, Utilitarianism can also be applied to laws and rules. This type, called Rule Utilitarianism is concerned with the consequences from a rule. A rule is considered good if it satisfies the majority of the people. Applying this ethical theory to the concept of cyber-stalking and harassment over the Internet, we must decide if an action is morally right or wrong by analyzing the consequences it has on the respective shareholders. The amendment and enforcement of legislation against cyber-stalking is ethically right in a consequentialist view. It harms the minority that go against it, however the majority of the Internet society benefit from having a safer environment. The same argument can be applied to the already-mentioned ethical issue about whether ISPs should monitor the contents they host and act if a complaint is received. By controlling the content they host, ISPs would be punishing those who post malicious messages or information by banning them from posting for example. The greater good is ensured though, as the Internet society as well as the potential victims of such harassers would have a safer future experience on the Internet. Ethical Analysis: Duty Theory A duty ethical theory, or Deontology, is rather different from Consequentialism. In Deontology, an action is right if it satisfies a principle or moral rule, without any concern for the overall consequences. It is the acts that determine if something is ethically right or wrong, not the consequences as in Consequentialism. Morality is determined according to rationally recognizing ones duties towards others (15). Same as in Consequentialism, Deontology can also be branched into two types: a set of ethical theories concerning actions and another set concerning the rules (15). Both sets of ethical theories however state that the good comes from our own ability to carry out our moral obligations. Kantianism, or Kantian Ethics, is an example of a deontological ethical theory which falls under the deontological set of theories concerning rules. Kant states that for one to act morally right, he needs to act according to his duty, which must be good in itself. The motives of the action ultimately determine if an action is ethically right or wrong. In cyber-stalking, the stakeholders must act according to what their duty is. Taking the ISP ethical issue, the ISP must always seek to satisfy and protect his clients, providing that what they are posting on the Internet is morally correct. We discussed many cases where the stalker or harasser hides behind anonymity to attack the victim. It is the duty of the stalker to respect the victim over the Internet and act in a consistent way as he would when face-to-face with the victim. Failing to do so will result in unethical behavior according to Kantianism. All stakeholders must perform their duty to behave ethically correct. We shall take into example the already discussed case where a citizen makes use of a detective service operating in a third country to discover information about another person living in his country. Law makers and law enforcers in both countries should act ethically and perform their duty in protecting their citizens, by amending specific laws which protect a persons privacy even online. In this scenario, it would become illegal to obtain such information using this service, thus it will be the citizen requesting information who is behaving unethically. In the Amy Boyer case, the general public who read the websites set up by Liam Youens had the duty to inform the relevant authorities such as the ISP hosting the websites. According to the Kantianism view, the complaint by these users to the relevant authorities is the correct ethical action to perform. Conclusion Cyber-stalking and online harassment is a major issue that is ever increasing as more people make use of online facilities to disclose private information. Whether disclosing the data involuntary, by filling forms with sensitive data that ends up being shared with third-parties, or voluntary by posting it on personal profiles such as Facebook and MySpace, it is becoming increasingly likely and easier to stalk a person by obtaining all necessary personal information. Such stalking often has devastating effects on the victim. We discussed several cases where acts of stalking or defamation over the Internet ended up with the victim committing suicide. In most cases, this would be because of the public humiliation suffered by the victim when the harasser and similarly-minded people behave unethically over the Internet. We showed that such people feel more unconstrained when attacking from a safe and anonymous environment than when facing the victim in the physical world. Legislations need to be devised to minimize such cases as much as possible. Locally, the Data Protection Act is one such legal document that protects sensitive data of the citizens. The problem however lies with inconsistencies between various jurisdictions in accepting and implementing such legislations. Only when a set of unambiguous and consistent rules is devised can all the relevant stakeholders in such cyber-stalking issues know what the right course of action to behave ethically is. To help us in our moral and ethical judgment and how we should act in cyber-stalking issues, we discussed and contrasted the two major theories of ethics of conduct: Consequentialism and Deontology. While Consequentialism states that the right action is the one that produces the most intrinsic good for the majority of the stakeholders, Deontology states that the right action is to perform ones duty in the circumstances. For both ethical theories, we focused on Utilitarianism and Kantianism respectively as a practical example. For each, we evaluated how the stakeholders should act when faced with the ethical issues and cases that were discussed.

International Differences Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Papers

International Differences Did you ever think about what it takes for an international student to come to America for a college education? They have to leave their family and friends, just as we do, but at a much farther distance. I cannot imagine amount of money and time it must take to plan a trip across the world, all for a new, exciting learning experience. Right now, many of us have just moved to a large university and begun a life on our own. It seems like a tough idea to grasp when you are just starting to look at colleges, while still in high school or another point in your life. When the time comes, though, hopefully you will be ready for a change. International students have to live through this same situation, at an even larger scale. I met Jennifer Kuesar the first day I came to Barton Residence Hall, my current residence. I was very nervous, anticipating the time when I would see my living space for the next year. I hoped that there would be some other girls their to meet and talk to about my life at Iowa State University. Luckily, I was in the right place at the right time. Jennifer is a 20-year-old, sophomore, working toward a degree in food science. She was born in Jakarta, Indonesia, and then moved to East Kalimantan, but her family now resides in Jamarinda. She has moved around quite a bit in her life. That may be why her journey to this university has not been as terrifying as it has been for her other friends. Jennifer says that English is a foreign language in Indonesia. You take it as a class, just as an American would take a Spanish class in school. Her first language is Indonesian. Within her family, everyone knows how to speak English except for her mother, as they all travel to the U.S. for b... ...ar, and did not go to all of the events. It did not keep their attention. If Cultural Days and Destination Days occurred at thesame time, the student would have the choice to get involved in one activity, or the other, or both if it could be worked out that way. This would hopefully keep the students more involved and busy in their first week away from home. If Cultural Days could help students to understand new cultures, meet some new friends, and get to know the anxieties of others are mutual, I think that the proposal Jennifer and I thought of could be a success. This idea is good because it is optional and can interest students of all backgrounds. If you choose to participate, you are guaranteed to enjoy yourself, and in turn tell your peers. People should learn more about others around them. It could only make life at Iowa State University easier and better!

Bullying Term Paper Essay

Bullying is the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. The behavior can be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or physical power. It can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or ability. If bullying is done by a group, it is called mobbing. The victim of bullying is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"target†. Bullying may be defined as the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt another person, physically or mentally. Bullying is characterized by an individual behaving in a certain way to gain power over another person. Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs when a person is: ‘exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons’. He says negative actions occur ‘when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways.(Olweus:1999) The Fifth Volume of the Newgate Calendar contains at least one example where Eton Scholars George Alexander Wood and Alexander Wellesley Leith were charged, at Aylesbury Assizes, with killing and slaying the Hon. F. Ashley Cooper on February 28, 1825 in an incident which might today be described as â€Å"lethal hazing†.(Wood, et al: 1825) Virginia Woolf considered fascism to be a form of bullying, and wrote of Hitler and the Nazis in 1934 as â€Å"these brutal bullies†.(Woolf:1934) The first National Bullying Prevention Week was conceived of in Canada in 2000 by Canadian educator and anti-bullying activist Bill Belsey.(Belsey:2000) There was a effect of bullying like suicide and There was a evidence that bullying increases the risk of suicide. It is estimated that between 15 and 25 children commit suicide every year in the UK alone, because they are being bullied. There are different context of bullying one f this is the very popular cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. We also have a Disability Bullying, Gay Bullying, Military Bullying, Prison Bullying, School Bullying, Sexual Bullying, and Work Place Bullying.

Persuasive Essay on Abortion

Persuasive Essay on Abortion Abortion is the practice of terminating a pregnancy resulting in, or closely followed by, the death of the human fetus. In 1973 the famous court case of Roe versus Wade legalized abortion in the United States. Since that time, despite the occurrence of over thirty-five million abortions, abortion has become a prevalent social issue, extremely debatable and controversial. For the most part people can be divided into two basic categories: those in favor of abortion and those opposed to it. Both groups feel strongly concerning the issue and regularly debate its morality. These opinions on abortion are so powerful that the issue is frequently referred to in politics and is often a deciding factor when votes are being cast for public office. Obviously, these fierce opinions are influenced by far more than whimsical convictions, which raises the question: why do people feel so strongly about abortion? The answer to two key questions determine an individuals stand on abortion. First, what is life? Second, when does life begin? Those opposed to abortion, known as pro-life, believe that human life occurs at conception, the point when a fathers sperm unites with the mothers egg and a genetically individual organism is created. Those who are pro-life argue that because at conception the embryo is not an extension or part of the mothers body, it is an authentic and equal human life. A completely unique biological system occurs at conception, the identical system that exists at death. Based upon genetics, this leads those who are pro-life to believe that human life exists at any time between these two points. Thus, anti-abortionists believe that humanity does not depend on size, stage of development or place of residence (Garton 5). Those who are pro-life also consider the various developments of a human fetus when determining its humanity. For example, at six weeks an unborn child is able to experience pain. An unborn baby of eight weeks has established its own set of specific fingerprints, the exact set that, if born, the child will carry into adulthood. Furthermore, by three months into a normal pregnancy all of the unborn infants organ systems are intact and working. The fetus sleeps, wakes, tastes, hears, senses and simply continues to grow until birth (Erhard 2). All of these distinct human traits cause these people to strongly believe that behind every ultrasound, amniocentesis and blood sample test there is the real flesh, blood and bone of a child (Reilly 23). Finally, infants, still in the womb can be viewed, monitored, have surgery, and receive blood transfusions (Erhard 2). Therefore, those opposed to abortion find it illogical that these unborn babies could not be part of the human family. Due to the belief that an unborn fetus is an equal human being, many oppose abortion on the grounds that it is a brutal and inhumane form of murder. There are seven major induced abortion methods which are used, depending upon the babys development in the womb. Each and every one of these surgeries are viewed by those who resist abortion as inhumane and brutal murder. The most common abortion technique is the Suction Aspiration where a powerful suction tube is inserted into the womb via a dilated cervix. Sucking the fetus and placenta into a container, the developing infant is grossly dismembered, body parts such as arms, legs and head often recognizable. The second method is known as the Dilation and Curettage where the cervix is dilated to allow the insertion of a loop-shaped knife so that the fetus and placenta can be cut into pieces and extracted. This is identical to the third technique of Dilation and Evacuation, except that Dilation and Evacuation requires the use of special f orceps because the fetus has already developed calcified bones. Fourth is Saline Amniocentesis, which only occurs after sixteen weeks of pregnancy. In this maneuver a needle containing a strong salt solution is inserted into the mothers amnionic fluid sac. This concentrated salt poisons the developing baby and usually the next day the mother goes into labor delivering a dead and shriveled baby. Prostaglandins, used in the fifth type of action, are hormones that induce the labor of a child typically too young to survive. Sixth, is a process known as a Hysterotomy, very similar to a Cesarean Section and used if Prostaglandin and Saline amniocentesis fail. Finally, is the technique of Dilation and Extraction, Partial Birth Abortion. This is a late pregnancy method where the baby, inches from being delivered, is punctured in the head. The brain is sucked out and the pregnancy terminated (Pro-Life Info). According to Illinois Physician M. LeRoy Sprang: Forcibly incising the cranium with a scissors and then suctioning out the brain is certainly excruciatingly painful. (Reilly 101). For this reason anti-abortionists see these various surgeries and procedures as not just the ending of a pregnancy, but also the death of an innocent life. They therefore radically oppose them. Theologically based, other prevalent reasons for the opposition to abortion originate from the Bible. Although the Bible does not clearly condemn abortion, it has much to say about the value of human life, keeping in mind that these people already hold to the view that unborn babies are fully equal humans. First, Genesis 1:27 states God created man in his own image. This verse is a foundation for the pro-life belief that all human life is sacred because it is made by and in the image of an almighty God. Unlike other animals, man is able to think, reason, and function at a high social level. This is all part of the concept of being made in the image of God (Davis 152). Also supporting this belief is Psalms 139:13-14, where the psalmist writes For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mothers womb. I praise you because I am fearfully and wonderfully made. This portion of scripture indicates that God had a hand in the creation of life even in its earliest stages. Thus, it is argued that God values the life of the unborn child at every stage of development, not only after birth. Furthermore, in Exodus 20:13, a portion of the Ten Commandments, the Bible says You shall not murder. As previously discussed, anti-abortionists recognize abortion as murder of innocent life and therefore use this verse to oppose the termination of pregnancy. Obviously, the anti-abortionist would argue, because God is the creator of individual and unique life in the womb, what right has man to terminate this life? Pro-life activists also find a basis for their opposition to abortion in the mere individuality of each and every person. From a single celled zygote the specific characteristics that an individual will possess as an adult can be determined, all completely unique. Despite any deformity, inability, or low functioning capacity of any kind, anti-abortionists recognize each person as an individual who is designed by God and is special and unique. Therefore, they feel that all unborn children should be given a chance to reach their potential in the world. The argument is often used that of all infants aborted how many may have been presidents, senators, professional athletes, writers, astronauts, mathematicians or doctors? Although this can be refuted by the fact that aborted babies would also create an increase of criminals and dregs upon society, the concept is that every person, a irreplaceable and extraordinary individual, should be given the right to live life to its fullest. As in all aspects of life, many people are influenced by authorities over them that they appreciate and trust. For example, a person may be swayed in opposition to abortion by the stand of the church that he or she attends. Although in modern society several liberal churches have accepted the practice of abortion as acceptable and normal, a large group of churches remain from several denominations who are radically outspoken against abortion. Various churches are a moral authority for millions of people across the United States and therefore a church stand against abortion is often a reason for a personal opposition to this issue. Abortion, a common practice in the ancient world, is nothing new. Plato wrote that ill-conceived embryos should not be brought to birth and if the children were born, the parents should dispose of them. Aristotle was also of the opinion that deformed children should be exposed and left to die. (Davis 131.) In fact, the earliest recorded reference to abortion is by a Chinese Emperor in 2737 B.C. However, early Christianity was resolutely opposed to abortion, which was common in ancient Greece and Rome. The Didache or Teaching of the Twelve Apostles , a manual of Christian morals and church affairs from the first century, stated, Thou shalt do no murder thou shalt not procure abortion, nor commit infanticide. (Davis 131). This determined resistance to abortion demonstrated by Christian church patriarchs for millennia is often a foundation for opposition to abortion in todays society. Individuals who understand the direct condemnation given abortion by respected church fathers often imm ediately assume it to be a horrendous evil. A less noted reason for hostility towards abortion is one of a psychological dimension. Many believe that an act as intimate as an abortion is bound to have significant psychological repercussions (Harwood 73). Although hard data are difficult to obtain because of the highly subjective nature of the reporting and the emotionally charged nature of the subject, nevertheless there is evidence that guilt, depression, and other forms of psychological conflict plague many women who have had abortions (Davis 142). Through various studies, approximately sixty percent of women expressed distress within eight weeks of their abortions. These symptoms included feelings of guilt, anxiety, depression, sense of loss, remorse and deterioration of self image (Harwood 73). Also, though typically unnoticed, men are mentally affected by abortion. This includes both boyfriends and husbands who are in some way involved in the abortion procedure. Doctor Arthur Shostak, a professor of Sociology at Drexel Un iversity, has conducted several studies on the affects abortions may have on males. They dont think of it just as an operation that their wives or girlfriends are having, stated Shostak. They think of it, even though they dont always describe it this way, as a loss of fatherhood. (Davis 143).Although many may not be affected by abortion, it does appear evident that the psychological consequences of abortion may be felt by millions of people in America for decades to come. On the opposite end of the spectrum, an equivalently vast number of people, also with powerful convictions, are thoroughly convinced of the morality and necessity of abortion. Abortionists typically believe that the idea that a baby exists at the moment of conception is entirely a religious theory, and is preposterous. They readily state that to believe that one cell is already a full human being and should be treated as such is so patently absurd that it is almost to difficult to refute (Reilly 35). Those in favor of abortion are forced to admit that embryos are at the very least potential life, but they refuse to acknowledge them as fully human until all normal human structures and functions have been developed and are readily being used (Paul 24). In other words a fetus is not considered human one week before birth, but is an equal human life after birth. This theory causes one to wonder, are the elderly with failing body functions still considered human? If so, then this is a hig hly hypocritical, although common, rationale for abortion. Finally, abortionists frequently separate the definitions of human life and personhood. Defining personhood as both the capacity for self-conscious thought and acceptance as a member of a social community, they may admit that a fetus is human life, but deny its rights as a person (World Book Encyclopedia). In defense of abortion, the best interest of the mother and family are frequently observed. Abortion supporters often ask the question, Should any woman be forced to continue a pregnancy or be saddled with bringing up a child for eighteen years without any regard for the consequences, without any regard for the expressed will or desire of that woman, or of the couple? (Reilly 36). The first instance of abortion being used as a family benefit is one of birth control. Many families may not be able to adequately support additional children or may be immensely inconvenienced by a new family member and therefore see abortion as a solution. Thus in the abortionists mind, the value of an infants life depends upon the desire for a child by his or her parents. In addition, abortionists inquire, Is it more important to minimize abortion or to minimize the birth of children to women who are unprepared to provide the familial structure needed for children to become stable and responsible adults? (Paul 27). Believing that it can be socially dysfunctional to have children out of wedlock, abortionists encourage abortion for single women who become pregnant. Indeed, a 1991 survey reflected that over fifty percent of pregnancies involving unmarried women resulted in abortion (Paul 29). Because they recognize the need for strong two-parent homes, pro-abortion activists proclaim abortion to be a valuable tool for family planning. However, this argument is refuted by anti-abortionists who say that if individuals would simply abstain from sexual promiscuity, there would be no instances of out of wedlock pregnancy and therefore no need for abortion. The question then arises, is abortion acceptable in cases of rape? This is a question many anti-abortionists have difficulty answering and is consequently a primary line of reasoning for the legality of abortion. In truth, one sixteenth of one percent of all abortions deal with rape (Davis 154). Hence, only approximately six of every ten thousand abortions occur because of rape and the other 9,994 usually occur because of social issues. Still, pregnant rape victims are an issue to be considered. Supporters of abortion maintain that in cases of rape women who follow through with the pregnancy may be haunted by flashbacks of their terrible experience. Also, because these rape victims are typically single young women, it would be difficult for them to raise a child and abortion proponents believe the mother must be considered first in this type of situation (Paul 133). Abortionists contend that a womans choice to commit an abortion should be based upon her particular set of circumstance s (Harwood 65). In addition to rape, the safety of the mother is probably the most referred to grounds for abortion. When complications arise as a result of pregnancy, abortionists, not believing a fetus to be an equal human life, naturally assume priority to the mother. Some anti-abortionists also accept that a motherÐ ¢s life must have priority when it is jeopardized by a complicated pregnancy. Reasoning behind this is apparent contradiction is that the mother is already a valuable member of society whose death would pose a much greater tragedy than that of the unborn child (Schwenkler 31). Because abortionists consider abortion to be an acceptable choice in any instance deemed appropriate by the mother, they do not hesitate to approve abortion when a womans heath is at risk. Another issue that pertains to some proponents of abortion is one that is seldom considered. This matter is one that deals with the value of human life. Some abortion activists may admit that a fetus is a living human being, but do not believe that to be sufficient reasoning to prevent the fetusÐ ¢s death. These advocates of abortion deem that mere membership of the species Homo Sapiens is not crucial to whether the life of the being may or may not be taken (Paul 28). This image of human life does not recognize any difference between the lives of people and of other animals and therefore makes abortion as significant as exterminating a pesky rodent or putting to sleep an unwanted puppy. However, at some point abortionists must admit that people have the human right to live. This point is typically after birth when the child reaches a point of self awareness. On these grounds a child already born has the right to life, not because human life is sacred, but rather because that child h as become a self-aware being and an accepted member of society (Paul 28). An additional, widespread motivation for getting an abortion is the occurrence of deformities in a fetus. Again, those in favor of abortion find this acceptable based on their belief that a mothers set of circumstances outweigh the right of the infant to live. It is not unethical for a woman to choose to abort a handicapped fetus. Because the woman would be responsible for raising the handicapped child, only she can decide whether to bring the pregnancy to term. The theoretical interests of the fetus do not outweigh the real rights of the mother (Schwenkler 70). Furthermore, abortionists argue that by aborting the deformed infant, they are actually doing what is best for the child. They state that the child will live a valueless life due to his or her severe mental or physical handicap. Obviously abortionists place the value of human life on mental and physical success. However, typically the reason for the abortion of a deformed fetus is the parents desire for a perfect child (Davis). This is because many parents do not want to deal with the social difficulties of having a severely impaired child. Furthermore, due to vast amounts of special care, critically handicapped children can pose a heavy economic hardship on parents. Again, it is the abortionists philosophy that each mother and family make decisions concerning abortion that are based entirely on individual circumstances and personal opinions concerning what is preeminent. Although this is a common practice, only a master race ethic would hold that only the physically and intellectual ly elite have the right to live (Davis 146). In conclusion abortion is a highly contentious matter that should not be taken lightly. Very few women and families regret carrying out a pregnancy. However, over fifty percent of women have compunctions concerning their decision to terminate a pregnancy (Harwood 73). Even those who contend that a fetus is not a person must at the very least admit that a fetus is human life and is a potential human being. When an abortion occurs, that human life, however small, is eliminated. This is a biological fact, not a moral judgment. Obviously, there are an astronomical number of reasons why people feel so strongly about the issue of abortion, most of them valid. These reasons ranging from specific to general and personal to universal are based on a variety of life experiences and circumstances. Due to vast differences in the general nature of people, social and religious backgrounds, moral authorities, views of humanity, economic situations and biological interpretations, a constant conflict ensues regarding abortion. This conflict is a permanent one and will endure as long as children are born into the world. 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THE DISAPPEARING CULTURES Essays - Body Modification, Cannibalism

THE DISAPPEARING CULTURES Essays - Body Modification, Cannibalism THE DISAPPEARING CULTURES LAM Mei Ling, Kate 14208040 GCPS 1005 (Section 12202) Feb 18, 2016 Dr. Kimmy Cheng Specific Purpose: To inform the audience three cultures that may soon disappear INTRODUCTION (Attention getter & Scenario)I.Please imagine that you are a tribesman, wearing only banana leaves and living in a tree house. Every day, you are in danger of being attacked and eaten by others. Also, your culture promotes rape and murder of children. How your life will be like? Do you believe society like this really exists? (Goodwill bond & Credibility)II.Like many of you, it is hard to believe that such cultures exist nowadays until I saw a couple of documentaries. (Relate to audience)III.With the desire to understand the diverse world, you might also curious about the unique ways of living that are totally different from us. (Background)IV.Actually, tribal people throughout the world are fighting to preserve their cultures against the incursion of modernization that ridicule their rights and ways of life. (Reveal purpose)V.Today, I would like to share with you three cultures that may soon disappear. (Preview structure)A.Cannibalism is practiced among the Korowai B.Lip plates wearing is practiced among the Mursi C.Rape ritual is practiced among the Samburu (Transition)[Let's start by looking first at the Korowai culture with the least population.] BODY (Quotation) (Similes) (Description) (Comparison) (Statistic) (Statistic)I.Cannibalism is practiced among the Korowai A.The Korowai attack others to eat human flesh 1.Korowai are among the very few tribes believed to eat human flesh a.A journal written by Paul Raffaele, Australian journalist who first reports the Korowai. 2.Human flesh is a dish important to their culture, like a Sunday roast or a kebab at the end of the day. a.Flesh is steamed by an oven made from leaves and rocks. Legs, arms and ribs are cut off separately and wrapped in banana leaves. b.Flesh tastes like Cassowarybirds like Turkey. B.The Korowai built tress house to avoid being eaten 1.140-foot high tree houses, deep within the rain forest are designed to protect them from attackers. C.The Korowai lack medicine to heal their injury 1.Rain forests are full of microbes and germs that they don't have related knowledge. a.When somebody dies of disease, it is mysterious to them. They believe the death is caused by a khakhua, a witch man who comes from the hell. 2.They usually die before middle age. 3.There are about 3,000 tribe members left. (Transition)[In short, the Korowai is living in the society of fight and cannibalization. While Korowai culture promotes hurting others, there is Mursi culture promote hurting their own body. Lets move a little bit to the west of the world to see the Mursi culture.] II.Lip plates wearing is practiced among the Mursi (Statistic) (Statistic) (Example) (Example) (Example)A.Wearing lip plates is a change of identity 1.To change from girl to woman a.Lip plates wearing imply a woman as productive and ready to serve husband. b.Teenagers start to stretch their lower lips at 13 years old. c.Finally, the plates they wear can reach 8 to more than 20 centimeters. Some of their lower teeth have to be removed to accommodate them. B.Wearing lip plates is an appropriate manner of women 1.To attend important ritual events a.Weddings b.Stick fighting competitions 2.To associate with the grace of womanhood a.Calm b.Quiet c.Hardworking d.proud C.Wearing lip plates is a commitment to their lives 1.To serves as a reminder of a commitment to marriage a.Women are expected to throw away their lip plates and never wear them again if their husbands die. 2.To serves as a reminder of her ties to her culture a.The Mursi relate the holes in their lips to almost every aspect of their lives: the health of their cattle, the availability of water, the fate of their children, and so on. ( Quotation & transition)[As idiom said Beauty is in the eye of beholder, stretching lips is positive and significant to the Mursi, although it is considered as self-harm and unacceptable in the eyes of other cultures like us. Apart from stretching lips, there is also another practice promote rape that is considered as terrifying and unethical among other cultures. Lets move a little bit more to the west of the world to see the rape ritual of Samburu culture.] III.Rape ritual is practiced among the Samburu (Definition) (Antithesis) (Example) (Metaphor)A.Beading is an engagement for sexual purposes 1.A male of close family relative contact a girl's parents with red beads and put the necklace on the girls neck. B.Necklaces is a sign of heartbreaking 1.Necklaces are not jewelry let girl being prettier, but

Global Marketing and the new opportunities and challenges which Mc Dissertation

Global Marketing and the new opportunities and challenges which Mc Donald fast food restaurant faces - Dissertation Example With increasing global competition, emphasis on organic food choices, smarter and healthier eating habits, the fast food industry is undergoing a major turning point. Gone are the days when people would blindly allow their children to eat all the burgers, fries and Coke they wanted, with no thought or care to how this foodstuff would affect their lives. There has been much innovation in the industry and revamping of menu items to includes things which will appeal to a new type of customer. The developed world is full of perceptive people who are more health conscious people now than ever before; anyone with an internet connection can access a world of information about eating choices, about what is healthy and what is not and access research from all over the world; the consumer is now more aware of his eating habits and the impact they have on his lifestyle and life longevity. Sodium, sugar, oil and carbohydrates are no longer thought to be delicious tasting food choices; they have dire consequences in the long run. Childhood obesity, blood pressure and heart trouble are only a handful of concerns that are becoming the bane of our existence. All of these present a huge challenge to the fast food industry and all the major players. Bringing things into context, the world has never been busier. People are swamped with busy work and social lives and taking out the time to put together a home cooked meal is just not convenient. Adding to that the stress of buying the right food among thousands of choices that stock the supermarket shelves are stocked with has made cooking at home too cumbersome for many families. Furthermore, the Generation X - that grew up getting to learn about and love fast food - and Generation Y - which hankered with fast food since childhood - are going to take their own time catching up with the new eating lifestyle. Combine all of these with the soaring prices of food stuff and this leads to a steady demand for fast food. Therefore the same people are very much dependent on fast food for themselves and their families. Thinking along these issues has encouraged me to research the fast food industry in general and McDonalds in particular to understand what the company is doing to address the se issues now and how these decisions will shape the company and the fast food industry in the future. The reason for selecting McDonalds for this project seems to be quite obvious as McDonalds is the biggest and most relevant player in the fast food business with operations and customers all over the world. The decisions this giant takes will be followed by the rest of the pack. So, what kind of challenges does the Marketing Director face when he creates the strategy to be followed across the board? How does he set to implement the strategy and which tools does he deem necessary for the implementation, such as promotional tools, pricing, packaging, location and advertising? How do the strategies which are set globally translate into local markets? How does the global experience help in deciding local product and service offerings? I think these concerns have never been more relevant than today and are the premise of the paper that follows. 2. Scope and Objectives This project is ba sed on the research conducted in relation to McDonalds globally and in the U.S., Poland, Pakistan, Russia and Switzerland specifically. The scope of this project covers marketing activities of McDonalds in recent years. This paper is not intended to shed light on the

A critique of the delivery of holistic sustainability and potential Essay

A critique of the delivery of holistic sustainability and potential for its enhancement within the built environment - Essay Example This is in contrast with scales at distinct level construction, which have become a common exercise. By taking into account exactitudes of celebrated and currentdevelopment practice, planners and participants through the interchangesexemplifyingcohesiveviable development are guided through the design stages to mound out a holistic sustainable progress. This requires appropriate weighting of environmental, fiscal and socio-cultural ideals of the community where the urban project is proposed to be implemented (Nijkamp 2007). Environmental impact is of the utmost importance and must be sufficiently assessed because of the existence of multiple regulations protecting the environment worldwide some of which have dire consequences which can bring a construction to a standstill (Stephen 2012). Holistic sustainable construction is rising fast through public awareness and ecological construction technologies are making a halt through (Allacker et al, 2008). These changes raise questions what holistic sustainable development means and how it is being approached and interpreted at different levels. It jeopardies sustainability, which remaining an ampule notion in urban scale. In this operational phase, stakeholders are challenged with the question of what applied holistic sustainability stands for, and how it can be appraised. Urban holistic development remains uncertain. Qualitative and quantitate integrated aspects should be taken into account when contextualizing results on operational sustainability (Nijkamp, 2007). Practical ecological performance needs to be calculated (Kanler, 2007). This helps to recognize sustainability at the urban scale level in relations of all-inclusive impressions. Ecological aspects are divided into six sub-categories; building parameters, materials, energy, water, supra-building scale level and land use mobility and emissions of nuisance. These subcategories are further broken down into